Federal Agriculture Grants
Explore 292 grant opportunities
Application Deadline
Jun 10, 2024
Date Added
Dec 21, 2023
This Notice of Funding Opportunity is issued to announce the availability of a Cooperative Agreement designed to assist the FDA in developing, implementing, and improving a nationally consistent system of support which facilitates the implementation of state and territorial produce safety regulatory programs that are modernized and aligned with the standards set forth in the FDAs Regulation: Standards for the Growing, Harvesting, Packing, and Holding of Produce for Human Consumption (commonly referred to as the Produce Safety Rule).This goal shall be accomplished in partnership with the FDA by identifying, generating, sharing, and leveraging resources andinformation which aids in the development and implementation of national, state, and territorial produce safety regulatoryprograms that are nationally uniform and consistent with the Produce Safety Rule, and which improve their effectiveness andenhance their capabilities.
Application Deadline
May 20, 2024
Date Added
Mar 15, 2024
Notice of Funding Opportunity Description The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Office of Regulatory Affairs (ORA)is announcing the availability of up to $1,125,000 in FY 2024 to be awarded under Limited Competition to State animal food regulatory programs. The intended outcome of this NOFO is to advance efforts for a nationally integrated animal food safety system through the implementation and advancement of the Animal Food Regulatory Program Standards (AFRPS) by State animal food regulatory programs. Applicants must refer to the Eligibility section of this NOFO to determine which funding track they should apply for: AFRPS Development or AFRPS Maintenance. Applicants should take sustainability into account when designing projects proposed under this cooperative agreement to maximize the longevity of resulting outcomes, resources, and program infrastructure beyond the end of the project period. The AFRPS allows for the development of risk-based animal food safety programs by establishing a uniform basis for measuring, evaluating, and improving the performance of State animal food regulatory programs in the Unites States. By achieving and maintaining implementation of these program Standards, Federal and State food regulatory programs can better direct their regulatory activities toward preventing animal food safety hazards, that can cause illness or injury to animals or humans, in facilities that manufacture, process, pack, or hold animal food materials/supplies. Consequently, the safety and security of the United States animal food supply and protection of human public health will improve. The AFRPS are comprised of eleven Standards (See link below in Program Goals Section) which establish foundations for the critical elements that serve as an objective framework to evaluate and improve components of a State animal food program. These elements cover the State animal food program's regulatory foundation, training, inspection program, auditing, animal food-related illness or death and emergency response, enforcement program, outreach activities, planning and resources, laboratory services, sampling program, and assessment and improvement of Standard implementation. Achieving and maintaining implementation of the program Standards will require comprehensive self-assessment on the part of a State program and will encourage continuous improvement and innovation. FDA recognizes that the time required for achieving full implementation of the AFRPS will vary between States. However, all State animal food regulatory programs will be expected to implement improvement plans to ensure continuous improvement and demonstrate that they are moving towards full implementation. State animal food regulatory programs receiving funds under this cooperative agreement will be expected to achieve and maintain full implementation within 5 total year or less of funding under an AFRPS Cooperative Agreement(s). Grantees will achieve and maintain implementation with the AFRPS (most recent published version). For the purpose of this funding opportunity, "full implementation" is defined as the State animal food regulatory program having all elements, systems, and programs, as required in the Program Elements and Documentation sections of the AFRPS; and can demonstrate the use of those elements, systems, or programs. If implementation is not achieved by the end of funding year 5, the State program will provide a detailed improvement plan on how the remaining AFRPS elements and documentation requirements will be fully implemented and demonstrated. The improvement plan will include: A detailed timeline including what needs to be accomplished to implement the element and/or documentation requirement, and when the work will be completed. The outcomes of the work provided under this cooperative agreement are as follows: 1. State animal food regulatory programs will take significant steps to achieve and maintain implementation of the AFRPS, which is recognized as a critical element to creating a national, fully integrated food safety system. 2. State animal food regulatory programs will contribute to the continuous improvement of the AFRPS through attendance at an annual face-to-face meeting, active participation in committees, and other initiatives supporting the AFRPS. 3. Develop strategies for achieving and maintaining implementation of the AFRPS that can be replicated or leveraged across state programs to promote national consistency. 4. Provide a foundation for supporting advisory/regulatory action based upon findings of regulatory activities conducted by State animal food regulatory programs. Only the following State animal food programs will be eligible to apply: State animal food regulatory programs with current FDA animal food safety inspection contracts (providing funding to State animal food regulatory programs) and are also enrolled in the AFRPS, or those that apply for an FDA animal food safety inspection contract and enroll in the AFRPS, are eligible to apply for funding under this cooperative agreement. An animal food safety inspection contract must be executed prior to this cooperative agreement being awarded. A condition of the award will be maintaining a current FDA animal food safety inspection contract in satisfactory condition throughout the cooperative agreement project period. The FDA will provide one year of funding for this project with the hopes of making another NOFO in FY 2025 to help align project objectives, outputs, reporting, terms and conditions, and project periods for all AFRPS project awardees, and to provide continued funding for awardees under this project to achieve the objectives of the project. The anticipated release of another NOFO in FY2025 will also help align project periods for awardees under this NOFO as well as those currently awarded under PAR-20-132 (for which the project period and funding will end on 6/30/2025). For AFRPS, it is anticipated that full implementation of the AFRPS will be achieved within 5 total funding years under an AFRPS Cooperative Agreement(s), based on a verification audit of your program to ensure the elements have been implemented.
Application Deadline
Jun 28, 2024
Date Added
May 29, 2024
SUMMARY INFORMATION Federal Awarding Agency Name: U.S. Department of Agriculture NRCS Notice of Funding Opportunity Title: Kentucky NRCS Agricultural Conservation Easement Program Wetland Reserve Easement (ACEP WRE) Acquisition Services Agreement Notice of Funding Opportunity Number: USDA-NRCS-KY-ACEP- 24-NOFO0001367 Assistance Listing: This program is listed in the Assistance Listings (previously referred to as the Catalog of Federal Financial Assistance) on Sam.gov under 10.931 Agricultural Conservation Easement Program, which can be found at: https://sam.gove/content/home. SAM is a web-based, government-wide application that collects, validates, stores, and disseminates business information about the federal government's trading partners in support of the contract awards, grants, and electronic payment processes. Notice of Funding Opportunity Summary The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) is seeking proposals to assist with due diligence for acquiring Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (ACEP) Wetland Reserve Easements (WRE), including contracting for title exams, updates, and closing services; boundary surveys; appraisals and cultural resource investigations. ACEP WRE provides funding for the purchase of conservation easements held by NRCS, and to restore, protect, and enhance wetlands on eligible land. Proposals are requested for consideration of cooperative agreements with a period of performance not to exceed five years. For new users of Grants.gov, see Section D. of the full Notice of Funding Opportunity for information about steps required before submitting an application via Grants.gov. Key Dates Applicants must submit their applications via Grants.gov by 11:59 pm Eastern Time on TBD. For technical issues with Grants.gov, contact Grants.gov Applicant Support at 1-800-518-4726 or support@grants.gov. Awarding agency staff cannot support applicants regarding Grants.gov accounts. For inquiries specific to the content of the NFO requirements, contact the federal awarding agency contact (section G of this NFO). Please limit questions to those regarding specific information contained in this NFO (such as dates, page numbers, clarification of discrepancies, etc.). Questions related to eligibility, or the merits of a specific proposal will not be addressed.
Application Deadline
May 8, 2024
Date Added
Apr 9, 2024
This Annual Program Statement (APS) offers USAID Operating Units a mechanism to facilitate assistance awards to local and non-traditional partners for innovative, adaptive, and locally led development approaches. OUs may issue addenda under this umbrella to solicit, co-create, and fund a wide range of flexible and innovative approaches to locally led development related to their specific priorities, objectives, and programs. The APS aims to advance USAIDs capability to work with local partners, to learn from these engagements, and to share this learning broadly. INTERESTED APPLICANTS - PLEASE READ: This Locally Led Development APS is not a Request for Applications or a Request for Proposals, and this APS does not serve as a general request for locally led development concepts. Do not email concepts to LLD-APS@usaid.gov or submit concepts via grants.gov, as they will not be accepted. Interested Applicants must respond to specific documents that share USAID priorities in a specific country(ies) called addenda that may be issued throughout the year on grants.gov. These addenda, when added, can be found under Related Documents on this page. Please visit this page periodically for opportunities that may be relevant to your country and focus areas. Please see the attachment for further detailed information. This APS was last updated April 26, 2024, with Amendment 1 - 7200AA19APS00007 Locally Led Development Annual Program Statement (APS) 2024-4-26
Application Deadline
Jun 18, 2024
Date Added
Apr 22, 2024
Fiscal Year 2024 Key Objectives Application proposals must include at least one of the following three objectives identified below. Proposals may contain more than one objective. As noted in Section 4, applicants must map their proposed activities and indicators measuring success to the objective(s) using the Activities/Indicators Tracker. If awarded, grantees will be required to use the FNS-908 Performance Progress Report to report on progress towards activities that align with the required objective(s) listed on the Activities/Indicators Tracker. Carefully considering proposed activities and indicators will prepare grantees for their performance progress reporting requirements if awarded. The project examples aligned with each objective listed below are only suggestions. A PTIG project may assist State agencies in making investments in systems to improve efficiency, provide excellent customer service, and meet Federal standards as they face unprecedented operational challenges. FNS welcomes other projects that support these objectives and encourages applicants to propose innovative ideas to solve both common and unique problems associated with SNAP application and eligibility processes. 1. Modernize SNAP customer service and client communication to improve accessibility, transparency, and responsiveness in processing applications and determining eligibility. 2. Improve administrative infrastructure and day-to-day SNAP operations in processing applications and determining eligibility. 3. Invest in technology and systems to encourage cross collaboration and cross enrollment between SNAP and other Federal, State, and local assistance programs. Please read the full announcement for additional details.
Application Deadline
Jun 6, 2025
Date Added
Apr 2, 2025
This grant provides funding to U.S. agricultural entities to develop and expand markets for American agricultural exports in emerging markets, fostering collaboration and knowledge exchange.
Application Deadline
Feb 13, 2025
Date Added
Oct 1, 2024
This program provides funding to nonprofit organizations to recruit and manage experienced individuals aged 55 and older who will deliver technical conservation services to support agricultural conservation efforts across the United States.
Application Deadline
Feb 11, 2026
Date Added
Dec 29, 2025
This funding opportunity provides financial support for nonprofit organizations to create innovative programs that celebrate American culture and strengthen U.S.-Japan relations through outreach activities across Japan.
Application Deadline
Not specified
Date Added
Nov 30, 2023
This Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO) invites applications for a cooperative agreement to support, manage and facilitate Public-Private Partnerships and Collaborative activities as part of the Critical Path Initiative and to support regulatory science efforts. FDA and grantees will work together to develop innovative, collaborative projects in research, education, and outreach. These projects can help foster drug product innovation to 1) support efforts to accelerate drug product development; 2) support approaches to advanced manufacturing; 3) facilitate translation of basic science discoveries into therapeutics; and 4) facilitate approaches to enhance the safety, efficacy, quality, and performance of drug products. Projects are identified by FDA. Multiple awards may be funded under this NOFO and are directly dependent on drug development priorities and subject to the availability of funding.
Application Deadline
Aug 8, 2025
Date Added
Jul 22, 2025
This funding opportunity is designed for organizations already involved in food safety initiatives to develop and deliver training programs that enhance the national food safety system and ensure consistent standards across various jurisdictions.
Application Deadline
Jun 21, 2024
Date Added
May 21, 2024
The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), an agency under the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is announcing potential availability of cooperative agreements for the purpose of leveraging NRCS resources to assist our agency with conducting and implementing important energy efficient agricultural operation evaluations on multiple private landowner properties throughout Massachusetts. NRCS recognizes the importance of incorporating on-site energy evaluations on agricultural operations including greenhouses and the beneficial outcomes it can have on the environment. Energy Efficient Agricultural Operations (conservation standard 374) has been an underutilized practice in Massachusetts. This agreement will be used to provide training on energy efficiency for NRCS staff and affiliates while also providing needed technical assistance for NRCS customers with energy focused site visits. NRCS Massachusetts is making a funding opportunity available for applicants to submit proposals with an award ceiling of $400,000 and a minimum project award of $200,000. NRCS will be awarding a cooperative agreement for up to a five-year period. If, in coordination with NRCS, additional resources are needed at a rate that exceeds this schedule, NRCS may add funds to this agreement to support continued partnership over the performance period. The primary goal is to expand energy efficiency to NRCS customers throughout Massachusetts. The project list ranges in size from 1-acre farms to several hundred-acre farms. Applicants will identify the average number of energy efficiency site visits and written on-site energy improvement plans that they could complete in any year with a minimum of ten per year being acceptable for this agreement. NRCS will work with the selected applicant to make the choice of priority energy site visits each year of the agreement based on interest and need. Applicants will be required to hold 1-2 energy efficiency focused trainings per year for NRCS staff and partners to expand their knowledge on the subject. Applicants should provide a list of training ideas to NRCS for the length of the contract. Applicants will be awarded based on the specified scoring criteria in Section E of this announcement. Eligible applicants include: all domestic applicants. Applicants should be familiar with all applicable state, federal, local laws, policies, and regulations that apply to agriculture energy improvements in the locales of Massachusetts. For new users of Grants.gov, see Section D. of the full Notice of Funding Opportunity for information about steps required before submitting an application via Grants.gov. Key Dates Applicants must submit their applications via Grants.gov by 11:59 pm Eastern Time on June 21, 2024. For technical issues with Grants.gov, contact Grants.gov Applicant Support at 1-800-518-4726 or support@grants.gov. Awarding agency staff cannot support applicants regarding Grants.gov accounts. For inquiries specific to the content of the NFO requirements, contact the federal awarding agency contact (section G of this NFO). Please limit questions to those regarding specific information contained in this NFO (such as dates, page numbers, clarification of discrepancies, etc.). Questions related to eligibility, or the merits of a specific proposal will not be addressed. The agency anticipates making selections by June 30, 2024, and expects to execute awards by August 15, 2024. These dates are estimates and are subject to change.
Application Deadline
Oct 4, 2024
Date Added
Aug 6, 2024
The 2025 Regional Agricultural Promotion Program is a financial support program that aims to boost U.S. agricultural exports and diversify markets by providing partial refunds to nonprofit agricultural organizations, cooperatives, and state agencies that carry out approved marketing activities.
Application Deadline
Jul 12, 2024
Date Added
Jul 2, 2024
Federal Awarding Agency Name: U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Funding Opportunity Title: Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP) Classic for Federal fiscal year (FY) 2024 Funding Opportunity Number: USDA-NRCS-NHQ-RCPP-24-NOFO0001354 Assistance Listing: 10.932, Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP) Due Date: NRCS must receive proposals by 4:59 p.m. Eastern Time on July 12, 2024. Note: The RCPP Classic and Alternative Funding Arrangement (AFA) FY 2024 notices of funding opportunity (NFO) will run concurrently. For information on AFA proposals please see Funding Opportunity Number USDA-NRCS-NHQ-RCPPAFA-24-NOFO0001355. The RCPP promotes the coordination of NRCS conservation activities with partners that offer value-added contributions to expand our ability to address on-farm, watershed, and regional natural resource concerns. Through the RCPP, NRCS seeks to co-invest with partners to implement projects that provide solutions to conservation challenges thereby measurably improving the resource concerns they seek to address. RCPP promotes collaboration with partners, stakeholders, and various communities, which is paramount to achieving equity in NRCS programs and services. Using guidance contained in this notice, partners propose projects that generate conservation benefits by addressing specific natural resource concerns in a state or multistate area by addressing one or more priority resource concerns within an NRCS-designated critical conservation area (CCA). NRCS and partners collaborate to design, promote, and implement RCPP projects on agricultural and nonindustrial private forest land. Through RCPP, NRCS may provide both financial assistance (FA) and technical assistance (TA) funds to project partners and agricultural producers for implementing projects. RCPP proposals are evaluated through a competitive proposal process based on three criteria: impact, partner contributions, and partnership and management. Up to $1.5 billion is available for RCPP projects through this announcement and the FY 2024 AFA announcement, which includes $300 million of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (2018 Farm Bill) funding and $1.2 billion of Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) funding. Proposals are accepted from all 50 States, the Caribbean Area (Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands), and U.S. territories in the Pacific Island Areas (Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands). NRCS will prioritize using IRA funds for projects that will implement climate-smart agriculture and forestry conservation activities as described in section F.(3)a. of this announcement. Up to $100 million is being made available specifically for NRCS to enter into programmatic partnership agreements with Indian tribes. This set aside will be shared by this announcement and the FY 2024 AFA announcement. Any unused funds may be available for other partnership agreements. Submissions: Proposals must be submitted through the RCPP portal. See section E of this announcement for information on using the RCPP portal to submit proposals. Access to the RCPP portal requires a level 2 eAuthentication credential or a Login.gov credential. Obtaining a new Login.gov credential involves multiple steps and can take several days to complete. Instructions are posted on the How to Apply to RCPP web page listed below. For More Information: Applicants are expected to contact the appropriate State Conservationists and state RCPP coordinators prior to submitting a proposal. NRCS will use a state conservation questionnaire to record the results of this conversation. Proposals without a completed questionnaire may have their score and ranking reduced. A list of state RCPP coordinators (as of the date of this announcements posting) is on the NRCS How to Apply to RCPP web page. Applicants can also email the RCPP inbox (rcpp@usda.gov) with any questions about the announcement. The RCPP website is also a great source of current information about the program. Interested applicants are encouraged to participate in one or more of the webinars below to learn about the program and how to apply. 2024 RCPP NFO Applicant Outreach Webinar This webinar will provide general information for applicants submitting proposals for the Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP). The same material will be covered at both webinars followed by a question-and-answer section. Please refer to the RCPP website for more information. Regional Conservation Partnership Program Natural Resources Conservation Service (usda.gov) April 23, 2024, RCPP Applicant Outreach Webinar Registration Link 2pm to 4pm EDT - https://events.gcc.teams.microsoft.com/event/e2f45f75-7ea4-410b-b1c9-567537cd2454@ed5b36e7-01ee-4ebc-867e-e03cfa0d4697 May 30, 2024, RCPP Applicant Outreach Webinar Registration Link 2pm to 4pm EDT - https://events.gcc.teams.microsoft.com/event/226dcb51-0b57-43b1-b340-95e535238713@ed5b36e7-01ee-4ebc-867e-e03cfa0d4697 NRCS will schedule additional webinars on RCPP easements and providing outreach to tribal applicants. Information on all webinars will be posted to the RCPP how to apply page.
Application Deadline
Aug 5, 2024
Date Added
Jul 3, 2024
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA), in partnership with the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), requests new applications for Mentoring at Risk and Rural Youth (MARRY), a new competitive grant program. The mission of the MARRY program is to expand opportunities for 1) rural youth, 2) juvenile justice-involved youth, and 3) youth at risk of juvenile justice involvement to receive mentoring services through 4-H programming. MARRY was developed in partnership with the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), Office of Justice Programs (OJP), OJJDP, in support of OJJDPs priority to address the challenges and barriers to success that many juvenile justice-involved youth encounter as well as to increase access to mentoring services for at-risk and rural youth.
Application Deadline
Jan 24, 2025
Date Added
Oct 23, 2024
The National Animal Disease Preparedness and Response Program Fiscal Year 2025 Tribal Funding Opportunity Announcement provides up to $500,000 to Tribal nations to support projects that enhance preparedness and response to foreign and emerging animal diseases affecting livestock and poultry.
Application Deadline
May 15, 2025
Date Added
Jan 21, 2025
This funding opportunity provides up to $10 million for U.S. colleges and universities to develop innovative projects that improve sustainable agriculture, enhance food security, and support rural economies while engaging underserved communities.
Application Deadline
Jul 3, 2024
Date Added
May 2, 2024
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Office of New Drugs (OND) is announcing its intent to accept and consider continuation of the award of a grant to the American Society of Nephrology (ASN) to support the Kidney Health Initiative (KHI).
Application Deadline
Jun 29, 2024
Date Added
Jun 3, 2024
Notice of Funding Opportunity SummaryThe Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), an agency under the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is announcing potential availability of cooperative agreements for the purpose of leveraging NRCS resources to assist with conducting important coastal restoration throughout Massachusetts. NRCS recognizes the importance of shellfish, salt marsh, and eelgrass restoration and the beneficial outcomes it can have on the environment and climate change. Restoration of rare and declining communities, including coastal habitats has been an underutilized practice in Massachusetts. This agreement will be used to encourage the restoration of coastal habitats through the use of this NRCS practice by conducting outreach, providing training, identifying and completing projects, and monitoring of outcomes.NRCS-Massachusetts is making a funding opportunity available for applicants to submit proposals with an award ceiling of $600,000 and a minimum project award of $300,000. NRCS will be awarding a cooperative agreement for up to a five-year period. If, in coordination with NRCS, additional resources are needed at a rate that exceeds this schedule, NRCS may add funds to this agreement to support continued partnership over the performance period.The primary goal is to expand coastal restoration to NRCS customers throughout eastern Massachusetts. The project list ranges in size from less than an acre private or leased property to several hundred-acre private properties. Applicants will identify the average number of projects they could complete with a minimum of five being acceptable for this agreement. NRCS will work with the selected applicant to make the choice of priority restoration sites each year of the agreement based on interest and need. Applicants will be required to hold 1-2 restoration trainings per year for NRCS staff and partners to expand their knowledge on the subject. Applicants should provide a list of training ideas to NRCS for the length of the agreement. Applicants will be awarded based on the specified scoring criteria in Section E of this announcement. Eligible applicants are identified in Section C of this announcement. Applicants should be familiar with all applicable state, federal, local laws, policies, and regulations that apply to coastal restoration in the locales of Massachusetts.For new users of Grants.gov, see Section D. of the full Notice of Funding Opportunity for information about steps required before submitting an application via Grants.gov.Key DatesApplicants must submit their applications via Grants.gov by 11:59 pm Eastern Time on June 29, 2024. For technical issues with Grants.gov, contact Grants.gov Applicant Support at 1-800-518-4726 or support@grants.gov. Awarding agency staff cannot support applicants regarding Grants.gov accounts.For inquiries specific to the content of the NFO requirements, contact the federal awarding agency contact (section G of this NFO). Please limit questions to those regarding specific information contained in this NFO (such as dates, page numbers, clarification of discrepancies, etc.). Questions related to eligibility, or the merits of a specific proposal will not be addressed.The agency anticipates making selections by June 30, 2024, and expects to execute awards by August 15, 2024. These dates are estimates and are subject to change.
Application Deadline
May 13, 2025
Date Added
Feb 12, 2024
This funding opportunity supports researchers in developing innovative tools that can speed up drug development and improve regulatory processes, ultimately enhancing public health by facilitating faster access to effective treatments.
Application Deadline
Jul 8, 2024
Date Added
Jul 1, 2024
The purpose of CIG is to stimulate the development and adoption of innovative conservation approaches and technologies in conjunction with agricultural production in the United States and its territories. CIG projects are expected to lead to the transfer of conservation technologies, management systems, and innovative approaches (such as market-based systems) to agricultural producers, into government technical manuals and guides, or to the private sector. CIG generally funds pilot projects, field demonstrations, and on-farm conservation research. On-farm conservation research is defined as an investigation conducted to answer a specific applied conservation question using a statistically valid design while employing farm-scale equipment on farms, ranches or private forest lands. The CIG program is not a NRCS producer financial assistance program. Project outcomes should benefit a region of a state or the entire state and not just benefit one farm. NRCS will prioritize projects that will implement climate-smart agriculture conservation activities which are targeted to assist agricultural producers and nonindustrial private forestland owners in directly improving soil carbon, reducing nitrogen losses, or reducing, capturing, avoiding, or sequestering carbon dioxide, methane, or nitrous oxide emissions, associated with agricultural production. All CIG projects must involve EQIP-eligible producers that meet EQIPs eligibility requirements listed in 7 CFR 1466.6(b)(1) through (3).

